Takasugi Shinsaku and Kiheitai: Towards Military Reform

Takasugi Shinsaku  (高杉晋作, 27 Sepetember 1839 - 17 May 1867) is a samurai activist from Choshu domain during the Bakumatsu period. His life amounted to a short 28 years, yet his prowess, especially military talent, left him as a prominent figure in the early years of Choshu activists' history. The militia he led, the Kiheitai (奇兵隊), took lead in breaking down the status barrier in domain army at the time. It also employed western weapon and method in fighting against the bakufu army.

Takasugi was a person of unique character, often proud, stubborn and audacious, to his friends and enemy alike. Starting from his early year under the instruction of Yoshida Shoin, he remained one of the prominent figure in Choshu rebellious force, until his death to tuberculosis in 1867, on the eve of Meiji restoration. He represented the group of activists who constantly adapted and reformed for their own cause, who greatly pushed the reform of Choshu, and consequently, the establishment of new military order in Meiji Japan. By examining his early experience with Yoshida Shoin and his later experience in Shanghai, we emphasize his commitment to the establishment of Kiheitai as a conscious attempt in military reform, which challenge the existing idea of samurai warfare.